气候变化背景下高温热浪与人体健康研究进展
Research Progress of Heat Wave and Human Health under the Background of Climate Change
中文摘要：
气候变化背景下，高温热浪及其伴随的城市热岛效应和野火造成的大气污染对人体健康的负面影响加剧，老年人、儿童、户外作业人员、既有慢性病人群对高温热浪更加敏感。高温热浪除直接导致中暑就诊和死亡率升高外，对心脑血管疾病的影响整体大于呼吸系统疾病，其中高温热浪本身及其与大气污染物联合暴露对不同国家和地区呼吸系统疾病的影响存在空间差异，这种差异与城市局地气候和经济发展有关。未来仍需开展多城市、大样本量的流行病学研究，精细评估气候特点、人口特征、城市公共基础设施建设以及高温应对措施对公众健康的影响，为因地制宜制定气候变化应对策略和干预措施提供依据。
中文关键词：
高温热浪，健康风险，发病， 死亡
KeyWords：
heat wave, health risk, morbidity, mortality
Abstract：
In the context of climate change, the negative health impacts caused by high temperature and heat wave, along with the urban heat island effect, and by the wildfire-induced air pollution are intensifying. Vulnerable groups such as the elderly, children, outdoor workers, and individuals with pre-existing chronic conditions are more sensitive to heat wave. In addition to directly increasing the incidence and mortality rate of heatstroke, high temperature and heat wave exert higher impact on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases than respiratory diseases. Particularly, the impact of heat wave and the joint exposure with atmospheric pollutants on respiratory diseases varies spatially across different countries and regions, which is much related to the local climate and economic development. In the future, it is necessary to conduct epidemiological studies in multiple cities with large sample sizes for the refined assessment on the impact of climate and population characteristics, urban public infrastructure development, and heat countermeasures on health effects. It is expected to provide reference for the formulation of localized climate change response strategies and intervention measures.