1989—2021年中国台风灾害及其在自然灾害和气象灾害中的影响研究
Research on Typhoon Disasters in China from 1989 to 2021 and Their Weighting in Natural and Meteorological Disasters
中文摘要：
利用1989—2021年中国减灾网、国家统计局发布的数据，以及《西北太平洋热带气旋年鉴》《中国气候公报》《中国民政统计年鉴》等资料，对中国自然灾害、气象灾害、台风灾害进行统计分析，发现中国自然灾害中对人员、经济、农作物危害最大的即为气象灾害，而台风灾害在气象灾害中占比居高位。这33年间，尽管登陆中国的热带气旋个数并未呈现显著升降趋势，但致灾的热带气旋个数略有增加趋势；因台风灾害造成的死亡失踪人数、房屋倒塌数、农作物受灾面积和直接经济损失在国内生产总值中的占比均呈下降趋势，这充分表明我国防灾减灾能力有了显著提升。2012—2021年，除农作物受灾面积基本稳定外，其余指标均呈下降趋势，因此加强现代农业气象服务将是未来健全台风灾害防御体系的工作重点。
中文关键词：
台风灾害，自然灾害，气象灾害，农业气象服务
KeyWords：
typhoon disaster, natural disaster, meteorological disaster, agrometeorological service
Abstract：
Using data released by the China Disaster Reduction Network and the National Bureau of Statistics from 1989 to 2021, as well as materials such as the Northwest Pacific Tropical Cyclone Yearbook, China Climate Bulletin, and China Civil Affairs Statistical Yearbook, statistical analysis was conducted on natural disasters, meteorological disasters, and typhoon disasters in China. It is found that meteorological disasters rank as the most harmful type of natural disaster to people, economy, and crops in China, with typhoon disasters accounting for a high proportion of meteorological disasters. During the 33 years, although the number of landing tropical cyclones in China has not shown a significant upward or downward trend, the number of disasterinduced tropical cyclones has slightly increased. Meanwhile, typhoon-triggered death or missing persons, collapsed houses, affected areas of crops, and the proportion of direct economic losses in GDP have shown a downward trend, which fully evidences the enhanced disaster prevention and mitigation capabilities in China. The affected areas of crops have remained stable, while a downward trend has been observed in all the other indicators from 2012 to 2021. Thus, strengthening modern agrometeorological services will be the focus of the enhanced typhoon disaster prevention system in the future.