恩施州城市人居环境气候舒适度及影响因子分析
Analysis of Climatic Comfortability and Its Impact Factors for the Urban Human Settlement in Enshi Prefecture
中文摘要：
选取恩施州8个国家气象站1960—2021年地面观测资料，利用累积距平、线性倾向估计、相关分析等统计方法对城市人居环境气候舒适度进行分析。结果表明：恩施州舒适日数最多（占比46.9%），寒冷日数次之（占比31.9%），热和闷热日数很少（分别占比5.6%和0.5%），从气候角度适宜居住，避暑气候资源优越；利川、咸丰夏季87.0%以上时间都很舒适，适合夏季旅居、康养，其余县市舒适日数主要集中在晚春到初夏（5—6月）、初秋（9—10月），5—6月、9月州内全境月舒适日数均超过25.0 d；州内不同气候舒适度等级日数与海拔、地形密切相关；20世纪60年代以来，利川舒适日数增加、寒冷日数减少，其余县市舒适和舒适度变化日数减少、寒冷日数增加（恩施市变化最剧烈）；气温、风速在20世纪90年代明显升高导致恩施市舒适、寒冷、舒适度变化日数突变；风速在20世纪80年代明显下降、气温在2000年后明显升高导致利川寒冷、舒适日数在20世纪80年代、2000年左右产生突变。建议充分利用恩施州舒适期长、夏季避暑气候资源丰富的特点将绿色生态资源转化为康养、旅游经济。
中文关键词：
恩施州，人居环境，气候舒适度，影响因子
KeyWords：
Enshi Prefecture, human settlement, climatic comfortability, impact factors
Abstract：
Based on the observed data from 8 national meteorological stations in Enshi Prefecture from 1960 to 2021, this paper analyzes the climatic comfortability of human settlement by using statistical methods such as cumulative anomaly, linear trend estimation and correlation. The results shows that Enshi Prefecture has the highest number of comfortable days (46.9%), followed by cold days (31.9%), and a few hot and very hot days (5.6% and 0.49%, respectively), making it suitable for human habitation from the climatic perspective. In addition, Enshi is featured with superior summer getaway resources. In Lichuan and Xianfeng, the temperature is comfortable for over 87.0% of the summer, making them suitable for summer travel and health care. Comfortable days in other cities are mainly from late spring to early summer (May to June) and in early autumn (September to October), and the number of comfortable days exceeds 25.0 per month from May to June and in September throughout the whole Prefecture. The number of days with different comfortable levels is closely related to altitude and terrain. Since the 1960s, the number of comfortable days has increased and the number of cold days has decreased in Lichuan, while in other parts of the Prefecture, the numbers of both comfortable days and days with changing comfortability have decreased, accompanied with inreasing cold days (Enshi City has experienced the most dramatic change). The obvious increase of temperature and wind speed in the 1990s led to sudden changes in the numbers of comfortable days, cold days and days with changing comfortability in Enshi City. The significant decrease in wind speed in the 1980s and the significant increase in temperature after 2000 led to sudden changes in the numbers of comfortable and cold days in Lichuan around the 1980s and 2000, respectively. In conclusion, since Enshi Prefecture has a long comfortable period and abundant climate resources for summer getaway, they can be fully utilized to transform ecological resources into health and tourism economy.