1961—2021年贵州省日平均气温＜10 ℃气候特征分析
Climate Characteristics of Daily Mean Temperature Below 10 ℃ in Guizhou Province from 1961 to 2021
中文摘要：
贵州省冬季供暖需求呈上升趋势，而气温＜10 ℃成为冬季能源保供气象服务中的重要指标。利用1961—2021年贵州省82个国家级地面气象观测站逐日平均气温资料，对日平均气温＜10 ℃日数时空分布特征进行分析。结果表明：贵州省日平均气温＜10 ℃日期主要集中在11月下旬—次年3月上旬，呈西北多、南部少的空间分布特征；秋、冬、春季日平均气温＜10 ℃日数呈减少趋势，其中春季减少最快；日平均气温＜10 ℃平均开始（结束）日期由西北向南逐渐推迟（提前），20世纪90年代末以来开始/结束时间呈现明显偏晚/偏早特征；各地年日平均气温＜10 ℃日数突变时间集中在20世纪90年代至21世纪初，南部早于北部，突变后年日平均气温＜10 ℃日数减少特征明显，其中自东向西中部一线减少显著；年日平均气温＜10 ℃日数存在10～12 a、4～6 a和3 a左右的显著振荡周期，其中3 a左右的振荡周期最为显著；日平均气温＜10 ℃日数多少除了受海拔影响外，还受地理位置和天气系统等因素的影响。
中文关键词：
贵州省，日平均气温＜10 ℃，变化特征
KeyWords：
Guizhou Province, daily mean temperature below 10 ℃, variation characteristic
Abstract：
Using daily mean temperature data from 82 national meteorological observation stations in Guizhou Province from 1961 to 2021, the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of days with daily mean temperature below 10 ℃ are analyzed. The results show that the time period with daily mean temperature below 10 ℃ in Guizhou Province ranges mainly from late November to early March, showing a spatial distribution feature of more in the northwest and less in the south. The number of days with daily mean temperature below 10 ℃ in autumn, winter, and spring tends to decrease, with the fastest decrease occurring in spring. The average start (end) date with daily mean temperature below 10 ℃ is gradually delayed (advanced) from northwest to south. Since the late 1990s, the start (end) date have shown a significant tendency to be later (earlier). The mutation of annual days with daily mean temperature below 10 ℃ concentrated in the 1990s–2000s, showing a distribution pattern where the southern regions experienced mutations earlier than the northern regions. After the mutation, the number of days with daily mean temperature below 10 ℃ decreased significantly, with a significant decrease in the central region from east to west. There are significant oscillation periods of 10-12 years, 4-6 years, and 3 years for annual days with daily mean temperature below 10 ℃ in Guizhou Province, with the oscillation period of 3 years being the most significant. The distribution of the number of days with daily mean temperature below 10 ℃ is not only influenced by altitude, but also by factors such as geographical location and weather system.