1961—2021年贵州省日平均气温<10 ℃气候特征分析

Climate Characteristics of Daily Mean Temperature Below 10 ℃ in Guizhou Province from 1961 to 2021

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作者:

  • 王君军 贵州省贵阳市气象局 贵阳 550002
  • 严小冬 贵州省山地气象研究所 贵阳 550002
  • 夏阳 贵州省山地气象研究所 贵阳 550002
  • 张皓 贵州省清镇市气象局 清镇 551400

中文摘要:

贵州省冬季供暖需求呈上升趋势,而气温<10 ℃成为冬季能源保供气象服务中的重要指标。利用1961—2021年贵州省82个国家级地面气象观测站逐日平均气温资料,对日平均气温<10 ℃日数时空分布特征进行分析。结果表明:贵州省日平均气温<10 ℃日期主要集中在11月下旬—次年3月上旬,呈西北多、南部少的空间分布特征;秋、冬、春季日平均气温<10 ℃日数呈减少趋势,其中春季减少最快;日平均气温<10 ℃平均开始(结束)日期由西北向南逐渐推迟(提前),20世纪90年代末以来开始/结束时间呈现明显偏晚/偏早特征;各地年日平均气温<10 ℃日数突变时间集中在20世纪90年代至21世纪初,南部早于北部,突变后年日平均气温<10 ℃日数减少特征明显,其中自东向西中部一线减少显著;年日平均气温<10 ℃日数存在10~12 a、4~6 a和3 a左右的显著振荡周期,其中3 a左右的振荡周期最为显著;日平均气温<10 ℃日数多少除了受海拔影响外,还受地理位置和天气系统等因素的影响。

中文关键词:

贵州省,日平均气温<10 ℃,变化特征

KeyWords:

Guizhou Province, daily mean temperature below 10 ℃, variation characteristic

Abstract:

Using daily mean temperature data from 82 national meteorological observation stations in Guizhou Province from 1961 to 2021, the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of days with daily mean temperature below 10 ℃ are analyzed. The results show that the time period with daily mean temperature below 10 ℃ in Guizhou Province ranges mainly from late November to early March, showing a spatial distribution feature of more in the northwest and less in the south. The number of days with daily mean temperature below 10 ℃ in autumn, winter, and spring tends to decrease, with the fastest decrease occurring in spring. The average start (end) date with daily mean temperature below 10 ℃ is gradually delayed (advanced) from northwest to south. Since the late 1990s, the start (end) date have shown a significant tendency to be later (earlier). The mutation of annual days with daily mean temperature below 10 ℃ concentrated in the 1990s–2000s, showing a distribution pattern where the southern regions experienced mutations earlier than the northern regions. After the mutation, the number of days with daily mean temperature below 10 ℃ decreased significantly, with a significant decrease in the central region from east to west. There are significant oscillation periods of 10-12 years, 4-6 years, and 3 years for annual days with daily mean temperature below 10 ℃ in Guizhou Province, with the oscillation period of 3 years being the most significant. The distribution of the number of days with daily mean temperature below 10 ℃ is not only influenced by altitude, but also by factors such as geographical location and weather system. 

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