伊宁市降水酸碱度变化趋势与气象因子的关系
Relationship between Precipitation pH Variation Trend and Meteorological Factors in Yining
中文摘要：
利用1993—2020年伊宁市酸雨观测资料，结合相关地面气象资料，统计分析伊宁市pH值和电导率（K值）变化趋势，研究其与气象因子的关系。结果表明：近年来伊宁市年平均pH值呈波动下降趋势，2003—2005年、2015—2020年已发展为轻酸雨区；降水酸性在秋冬两季显著增强，冬季降水pH值最低、酸雨发生概率最大；pH值在2002年发生由大到小的突变，酸雨呈增多趋势；年平均K值明显上升，1997年发生由小到大的突变，说明大气降水洁净程度降低，污染呈增加趋势，利于酸雨形成；酸雨发生概率在小雨量级出现最大，随量级增大呈显著下降趋势；降水呈酸性时地面主导风向为偏西风，pH值与降水量呈负相关、与风速呈正相关，K值与降水量呈负相关、与风速呈负相关；雾有利于增强降水酸度和酸雨发生概率；硫化物排放量增大致使大气污染日趋严重，酸雨发生概率呈上升态势。
中文关键词：
降水酸碱度，气象因子，伊宁市
KeyWords：
precipitation acidity, meteorological factor, Yining
Abstract：
Using acid rain observation data from 1993－2020 in Yining, combined with relevant ground meteorological data, the trends of pH and conductivity (K value) in Yining were statistically analyzed to study their relationships with meteorological factors. The results show that the annual average pH value in Yining has been fluctuating and decreasing in recent years, and has developed into a light acid rain area during 2003－2005 and 2015－2020; moreover, the acidity of precipitation is significantly enhanced in autumn and winter, with the lowest pH value and the highest probability of acid rain in winter; the pH value changed abruptly from large to small in 2002, and the trend of acid rain increased accordingly; the annual average K value has been increasing significantly, with a sudden change from small to large in 1997, indicating a decrease in the cleanliness of atmospheric precipitation and an increasing trend of pollution, which is conducive to the formation of acid rain. The probability of acid rain is highest when light rain occurs, and decreases significantly with the increase of the precipitation level; when the precipitation is acidic, the prevailing wind direction is westerly, pH value is negatively correlated with precipitation and positively correlated with wind speed, while the K value is negatively correlated with precipitation and negatively correlated with wind speed; fog is conducive to the enhancement of precipitation acidity and possibility of acid rain. The frequency of acid rain is increasing due to the increase of sulfide emissions, which leads to the increasing air pollution.