中国大气本底站站址环境及部分观测要素变化特征
Variation Characteristics of the Site Environment and Some Observation Elements of Atmospheric Background Stations in China
中文摘要：
大气本底监测是对远离人类活动影响的地区经过充分混合、不受局地直接污染的大气成分长期定点观测，能反映全球或者区域尺度大气成分变化特征。中国大气本底站获取长期、连续、有效的大气成分监测数据及变化特征为国家应对气候变化外交谈判、大气污染防治工作和科学研究工作提供支持。对中国气象局七个大气本底站做简要介绍，利用对比统计分析方法与HYSPLIT后向轨迹模型对本底站观测要素CO2，CH4，O3，CO的浓度变化趋势和影响因素进行分析。结果发现：各本底站CO2浓度上升趋势明显，与Mauna Loa站增长趋势基本相同，季节变化多呈现冬春高、夏秋低的特征；各本底站CH4浓度也呈现明显的上升趋势，浓度值大于Mauna Loa站，CH4浓度变化与其光化学反应程度和局地源排放密切相关；O3浓度基本呈现冬春高、夏季低的季节特征；CO浓度基本呈现下降的趋势，与人类的活动以及CO大气反应等外部条件相关。因此，大气本底站观测要素的变化趋势受到局部气候、季风运输、大气边界层等环境条件影响，东部经济发达区还与区域环境排放密切相关。
中文关键词：
大气本底站，站址环境，观测要素
KeyWords：
atmospheric background station, site environment,observation element
Abstract：
Atmospheric background monitoring is a long-term and fixed-point observation of atmospheric components that are fully mixed and free from local pollution in areas without human activities, reflecting the variation characteristics of atmospheric composition on global or regional scales. The long-term, continuous, and effective monitoring data of atmospheric composition and its variation characteristics obtained by China atmospheric background stations provide support for diplomatic negotiations on climate change, prevention and control of atmospheric pollution and scientific research. In this paper, 7 atmospheric background stations of China Meteorological Administration are briefly introduced, with emphasis on the analysis of the concentration trends and influencing factors of the background station observation elements?CO2, CH4, O3 and CO by using the method of comparison and statistical analysis as well as HYSPLIT backward trajectory model. The result shows significant increasing trend of CO2 concentration in each station, similar to that in the Mauna Loa station and with a seasonal variation characterized by high concentration in winter and spring, low concentration in summer and autumn. In addition, the concentration of CH4 in each station shows a clear upward trend and is higher than that in the Mauna Loa station, and the change of CH4 concentration is closely related to its photochemical reaction and local source emission. The O3 concentration is featured with a seasonal variation, high in winter and spring, and low in summer. The CO concentration shows a decreasing trend, which is related to the external conditions such as human activities and CO atmospheric reaction. Therefore, the variation trend of observation elements of atmospheric background stations is affected by local climate conditions, monsoon transport, atmospheric boundary layer and other environmental conditions. It is also closely related to the regional environmental emissions in eastern developed area.