豫西烤烟大田期需水量和灌溉需水量的时空变化及其原因分析
Spatiotemporal Variation of Water Supply and Demand During the Field Period of Flue-Cured Tobacco in Western Henan Province and Its Causal Analysis
中文摘要：
基于河南省西部9个烤烟种植县1970—2019年烤烟大田生育期逐日气象资料，使用Penman-Monteith公式计算得到研究区需水量，使用有效降水系数法得到有效降水量，继而得到灌溉需水量，并利用气候倾向率法、趋势系数法、Morlet小波分析和偏相关系数法对需水量和灌溉需水量进行时空变化特征分析及气象影响因子分析。结果表明:1970—2019年豫西烤烟大田期降水量和有效降水量多年平均值分别为425.1 mm、309.3 mm，并以1.15 mm/10 a和1.752 mm/10 a的速率呈上升趋势。需水量和灌溉需水量多年平均值分别为473.7 mm、167.5 mm，并以?8.436 mm/10 a和?10.188 mm/10 a的速率呈极显著性下降趋势；小波分析显示需水量和灌溉需水量存在25 a和17 a的变化主周期。空间分布上需水量和灌溉需水量整体呈由南部向北部递增的特征，高值区主要分布在三门峡和渑池，低值区主要分布在栾川、卢氏和嵩县。气候要素变化偏相关分析表明日照时数下降是导致研究区烤烟需水量和灌溉需水量下降的主要气象因子。
中文关键词：
烤烟，需水量，灌溉需水量，时空变化，影响因子
KeyWords：
flue-cured tobacco, water requirement, irrigation water demand, spatiotemporal variation, influencing factor
Abstract：
Based on the daily meteorological data of 9 flue-cured tobacco growing counties in western Henan Province from 1970 to 2019, the water requirement was calculated by Penman-Monteith formula. In addition, the effective precipitation of fluecured tobacco fields in the study area was calculated by effective precipitation coefficient method and then the irrigation water demand was obtained. The temporal and spatial variation characteristics of water requirement and irrigation water demand as well as meteorological influencing factors were analyzed by the use of climate trend rate method, trend coefficient method, Morlet wavelet analysis and partial correlation analysis. The results showed that from 1970 to 2019, the annual average precipitation and effective precipitation during the field period of flue-cured tobacco in western Henan Province were 425.1 mm and 309.3 mm, respectively, and both of the two maintained an upward trend at a rate of 1.15 mm/10 a and1.752 mm /10 a, respectively. The annual average water requirement and irrigation water demand were 473.7 mm and 167.5 mm and showed a very significant downward trend at a rate of ?8.436 mm/10 a and ?10.188 mm/10 a respectively. The wavelet analysis showed that the water requirement for flue-cured tobacco and irrigation water demand had a main change period of 25 years and 17 years, and they increased progressively from the south to the north from the perspective of spatial distribution, with the high value areas mainly distributed in Sanmenxia and Mianchi and the low value areas in Luanchuan, Lushi and Songxian. Partial correlation analysis of climate factor change showed that the decrease of sunshine hours was the main meteorological factor leading to the decrease of flue-cured tobacco water requirement and irrigation water demand in the study area.