1975—2017年北京汤河口地区季节性冻土与气候变化的关系
Relationship between Seasonal Frozen Soil and Climatic Change in Tanghekou Area of Beijing during 1975−2017
中文摘要：
目前，关于北京冻土的研究较为少见。 利用北京北部山区汤河口国家气象站，1975—2017年的季节性冻土、气温和地温等资料，对汤河口季节性冻土与气候变化的关系进行研究。结果表明，汤河口近43年的气温有与全球变暖相反的变化趋势，0～80 cm各层地温亦均呈下降趋势。汤河口季节性冻土的变化与我国季节性冻土呈退缩趋势的结论相反，主要表现为：最大冻土深度加深，初冻日提前，解冻日延后，冻土日数增加。此外，通过突变检验发现汤河口冻土季气温在1988年左右发生突变，最大冻土深度的突变发生在2007—2009年 ，且突变后冻土深度呈明显的加深趋势。将全球变暖“停滞”现象加入考虑后，发现1998—2012年汤河口冻土季气温以?1.29 ℃/10 a的速率显著降低，冻土以21.893 cm/10 a的速率显著加深。近20年汤河口显著的变冷趋势可能是引起汤河口近43年冻土发展的重要原因。
中文关键词：
汤河口，冻土，气候变化，全球变暖停滞，北京山区
KeyWords：
Tanghekou, frozen soil, climate change, global warming stagnation, Beijing mountainous area
Abstract：
At present, the research on permafrost in Beijing is relatively rare. Based on the data of seasonal frozen soil, air temperature and ground temperature from 1975 to 2017 at Tanghekou National General Meteorological Station in the northern mountainous area of Beijing, this paper studies the relationship between seasonal frozen soil and climate change in Tanghekou. The results show that in the past 43 years, the air temperature has exhibited the opposite trend to global warming, and the ground temperature in 0~80 cm layer also shows a decreasing trend. The change of seasonal frozen soil in Tanghekou is contrary to the conclusion that the seasonal frozen soil in China shows a shrinking trend. In Tanghekou, the maximum frozen soil depth is deepened, the first freezing day is advanced, the thawing day is delayed and the frozen soil days are increased. And by mutation test it is found that the mutation of the air temperature during Tanghekou permafrost season occurred around 1988. In addition, the mutation of the maximum permafrost depth occurred between 2007?2009, and the depth showed a significantly deepening trend after the mutation. Considering the phenomenon of global warming stagnation, it is found that during 1998?2012, the air temperature in Tanghekou frozen soil season decreased significantly at a rate of ?1.29℃/10a, and the frozen soil deepened significantly at a rate of 21.893 cm/10a. The remarkable cooling trend of Tanghekou in recent 20 years may be an important reason for the development of frozen soil in the area in recent 43 years.