乌江流域不同观测站面雨量一致性检验和差异分析
Consistency Check and Variation Analysis of Area Rainfall among Different Kinds of Observation Stations in WuJiang River Basin
中文摘要：
利用乌江流域国家级地面气象观测站（国家站）、区域自动气象观测站（自动站）、水利行业水文雨量站（雨量站）2015—2017年汛期逐日观测降水量资料，用泰森多边形法计算得到3种观测站面雨量，定量分析三者的一致性和差异，并基于分析结果建立了3种观测站面雨量之间差异阈值库。结果显示：3种观测站面雨量总体变化趋势基本一致，自动站面雨量与国家站面雨量的相关性最好，雨量站面雨量与国家站面雨量的相关性次之，自动站面雨量与雨量站面雨量的相关性略差。对于无降水和小雨量级，自动站更倾向于出现小雨；对于中雨和大雨量级，国家站更倾向于出现中雨。对于小雨、中雨、大雨3个量级，3种观测站的观测资料计算得到的面雨量在5—6月和9—10月占比一致，在7—8月占比有所差异；而在暴雨量级上，3种观测站面雨量在9—10月的占比分布一致，在5—8月的占比有各自特征。研究结果为不同测站面雨量的研究和应用提供参考。
中文关键词：
面雨量，相关关系，差异，国家级地面气象观测站，区域自动气象观测站，水利行业水文雨量站，乌江流域，阈值库
KeyWords：
area rainfall, correlation, variation, national surface meteorological observation station, regional automatic meteorological observation station, rainfall station for water conservancy industry, Wujiang River basin, threshold database
Abstract：
Based on daily precipitation observation data from national surface meteorological observation stations, regional automatic meteorological observation stations and rainfall stations for water conservancy industry in flood season from 2015 to 2017, three kinds of area rainfall for different observation stations are calculated in Thiessen polygon method. Area rainfall_N, area rainfall_A and area rainfall_R are short for area rainfall calculated from national surface meteorological observation stations, regional automatic meteorological observation stations and rainfall stations for water conservancy industry data in following abstract. This paper quantitively analyzes consistency and variation among above three kinds of area rainfall data. Finally, threshold databases among above three kinds of area rainfall data are found. The results show that the general trends of three kinds of area rainfall data in the range of time are consistent. Area rainfall_A strongly correlates with area rainfall_N. Area rainfall_R moderately correlates with area rainfall_N. Area rainfall_A relatively weakly correlates with area rainfall_R. There are less none rain and more light rain for area rainfall_A, and more moderate rain and less heavy rain for area rainfall_N. The respective proportion of light rain, moderate rain and heavy rain for three kinds of area rainfall data are identical from May to July and from September to October, and different from June to August. The proportions of torrential rain for three kinds of area rainfall data are identical from September to October, and have own characteristics from May to August. The results give reference for research and application based on different observation station area rainfall.