城市适应气候变化行动方案——国内外应对气象灾害的典型案例
Action Programs of Urban Adaptation to Climate Change — Typical Domestic and Overseas Cases of Response to Meteorological Disasters
中文摘要：
回顾了为了适应由气候变化引起的高温灾害、水灾害与海平面上升，全球范围内不同国家在城市适应气候变化方面采取的措施行动。通过分析发现，尽管各地区拥有不同地域规模、气候条件与人文环境，面对的气候灾害问题也不尽相同，但在适应气候变化的策略制定方面，却有着一定的共性，包括：“以各级政府为主导；强调各机构之间的沟通合作；制定策略时应当考虑当地实际环境，因地制宜；将气候变化的长期影响纳入考量；在适应性工程的建设上考虑可持续性；提升城市韧性，将灾害适应性纳入城市基础建设；调动社会各阶层的积极性，充分利用各渠道的社会资源”等。目前，虽然国内各城市在适应气候变化方面的相关策略与措施相较于发达国家、地区起步较晚，但近几年经过国家的重视、政府的主导、专家学者的学习与探索后也逐步取得了一定进展，部分城市针对“十三五”期间城市气候适应性的研究与规划已经表现出更高的合理性与成熟性，相关的试点改造也在一定程度上取得了积极成果。
中文关键词：
城市适应气候变化，韧性，高温，干旱，雨洪，海平面上升，海绵城市
KeyWords：
urban adaptation to climate change, resilience, high temperature, drought, rainfall flood, sea level rise, sponge city
Abstract：
This paper reviews measures, aiming to adapt high-temperature disaster, water disaster and sea level rise, taken by different countries around the world, of urban adaptation to climate change. According to analysis, there exists several universal rules of developing climate change adaptation strategies, although the geographical scales, climate conditions and social environments are various in different regions. The rules include: leading roles of governments at all levels, cooperation between different organizations, strategies adjusted to local conditions, consideration of long-term influence of climate change, sustainability of adaptation program construction, inclusion of disaster adaptation to urban infrastructure, encouragement of the whole society. Currently, comparing with developed counties or regions, although Chinese cities started relatively late on making strategies and measures related to urban climate change adaptation, some progress has been achieved with national attention, governmental leading, academic study and exploration. Some researches and projects on urban climate adaptability in some cities for the 13th Five-Year Plan have been more rational and mature. Some positive achievements in related pilot projects also exist.