近60年淮河流域子流域面雨量气候特征分析
Analysis of the Climatic Characteristics of the Area Rainfall in the Sub-Basins of the Huaihe River Basin in the Past 60 Years
中文摘要：
淮河位于我国南北气候过渡带，是我国七大江河中旱涝灾害最为严重的区域，分析淮河流域各子流域降水气候特征，将有助于开展其防洪抗旱工作。文中以淮河流域所有雨量站1960—2018年逐日降水观测资料为基础，计算选取流域内及各子流域面雨量。重点分析了每年面雨量，年、月气候特征及5 d滑动面雨量累计值，研究得到淮河流域各子流域降水气候特征存在显著差异，淮河水系主要雨季集中在6月15日前后至7月下旬，沂沭泗水系雨季主要集中在6月底至7月底，但在沂河上游和沭河上游8月中旬存在降水集中期。从前后近30年资料对比分析，年平均面雨量大部分有不同程度增加的趋势，且淮河流域5 d面雨量极值与局地洪水过程存在很好的对应关系，基于5 d面雨量可作为一个判断指标， 应用于实际业务中。
中文关键词：
淮河流域，面雨量，气候特征，雨量站，防洪抗旱
KeyWords：
Huaihe River basin, areal rainfall, climatic characteristics, rainfall station, flood control and drought Relief
Abstract：
Huaihe River is located in the climate transition zone between the north and the south of China. It is the most serious drought and flood disaster area among the seven major rivers in China. The analysis of the rain climate characteristics of each sub basin of the Huaihe River Basin will be helpful to carry out its flood control and drought relief work. Based on the daily rain observation data of all rainfall station in the Huaihe River Basin from 1960 to 2018, this paper calculates and selects the area rainfall of Huaihe River Basin and its sub units. Based on the analysis of the annual and monthly rain characteristics and the accumulated value of the 5-day moving rain, it is found that there are significant differences in the rain climate characteristics of each sub-basin of the Huaihe River Basin. The main rainy season of the Huaihe River system is from around June 15 to late July. The main rainy season of the Yihe-Shuhe-Sihe River system is from the end of June to the end of July, but there is a rain concentration period in the upper reaches of the Yihe River and the upper reaches of the Shuhe River in the middle of August. According to the comparative analysis of the data in the front and back 30 years, the annual average areal rainfall has the trend of increasing in different degrees, and there is a good corresponding relationship between the extreme value of 5-day areal rainfall in Huaihe River Basin and the local flood process. The 5-day areal rainfall can be used as a judgment index in practical operation.