淮河流域农田近地层风速、温度和湿度廓线特征
Surface Layer Profile Characteristics of Wind Velocity, Temperature and Humidity of Cropland in Huaihe River Basin
中文摘要：
利用寿县国家气候观象台32 m气象观测塔梯度系统采集的风速、气温、湿度资料，分析了寿县2007年7月—2019 年12月农田近地层风速、温度和湿度日变化特征和廓线特征。结果表明：气温和风速日变化为单峰型；气温峰值在14时30分—16时，谷值在05时30分—08时，低层峰值时间早于高层；风速峰值在11时30分—13时30分，谷值在00时30分— 03时。湿度日变化为双峰型，主峰值在08时30分—11时，主谷值低层在05—07时，高层在15时—15时30分和07—08 时。气温白天随高度递减，晚上随高度递增，早晨随高度先递减后递增，傍晚随高度先递增后递减。白天气温垂直递减率最大值出现在12时—12时30分，晚上逆温最大值出现在21时—03时，早上过渡型出现在07时30分—09时，傍晚过渡型出现在17时30分—19时。风速随高度递增，风速梯度随高度递减，风速垂直递增率白天明显小于夜间，最大值出现在21时—01时。湿度随高度先减小后增大再减小；10～20 m存在逆湿现象，夜间比白天明显，尤其后半夜。
中文关键词：
气象要素，日变化，廓线，近地层，淮河流域
KeyWords：
meteorological elements, daily variation, profiles, surface layer, Huaihe River Basin
Abstract：
Based on the data of wind velocity , temperature and humidity collected by the gradient system of the 32-meter meteorological observation tower of Shouxian National Climatology Observatory, the daily variation characteristics and profile characteristics of wind velocity, temperature and humidity in the surface layer of cropland in Shouxian from July 2007 to December 2019 were analyzed. The results show that the daily variation of temperature and wind velocity is unimodal. The peak value of temperature is from 14:30 BT to 16:00 BT, the valley value is from 05:30 BT to 08:00 BT, and the occurrence time of low layer is earlier than that of high layer. The peak value of wind velocity is from 11:30 BT to 13:30 BT, and the valley value is from 00:30 BT to 03:00 BT. The daily variation of humidity is bimodal. The main peak value is from 08:30 BT to 11:00 BT. The low level of the main valley value is from 05:00 BT to 07:00 BT. The high level is from 15:00 BT to 15:30 BT and 07:00 BT to 08:00 BT.The air temperature decreases with altitude in the daytime, increases with altitude in the evening, decreases first and then increases with altitude in the morning, and increases first and then decreases with altitude in the evening. The maximum value of vertical decline rate of white weather temperature appears from 12:00 BT to 12:30 BT, the maximum value of inversion appears from 21:00 BT to 03:00 BT in the evening, the morning transition type appears from 07:30 BT to 09:00 BT, and the evening transition type appears from 17:30 BT to 19:00 BT. The wind velocity increases with height, and the wind velocity gradient decreases with height. The vertical increasing rate of wind velocity in daytime is significantly lower than that in nighttime. The maximum value appears from 21:00 BT to 01:00 BT. Humidity decreases first, then increases and then decreases with height. There is reverse humidity phenomenon in 10－20 meters, and it is more obvious at night than in the daytime, especially in the latter half of the night.