东洞庭湖区水面气象站网的建立及2016—2018年数据特征及应用
Meteorological Differences Between Land and Water in the East Dongting Lake
中文摘要：
利用东洞庭湖区域水上交通气象站和国家观测站2016—2018年的观测资料，分析了东洞庭湖水域和陆地的气象特征及差异，结果表明：水上站和陆地站的气温和相对湿度季节变化规律基本一致，但水上站气温峰值和谷值出现时间均较陆上站滞后1 h左右；水陆高低温差异存在较为明显的季节规律；陆地站风速大值主要出现在4、5月，水上站除此之外还出现在1、10月，陆地站风速日变化较水上站更明显。水上站6、7月主导风为偏南风，其他月为偏北风。水上站灾害性大风以6、7级偏北大风为主，8、9级大风相对较少，其中出现频率最高的是磊石站，最少的是青港站。水上大雾（霾）日数明显少于陆地，但轻雾日数略多于陆地，水上大雾（霾）多出现在03—11时，一天中07—08时出现大雾（霾）的概率最高。
中文关键词：
东洞庭湖区，水上交通气象站，水陆差异
KeyWords：
Dongting Lake, water traffic station, land and water difference
Abstract：
The meteorological characteristics and differences of land and water in east Dongting Lake were analyzed using data of water traffic stations along east Dongting Lake and national stations from 2016 to 2018. The results showed that the seasonal changes of air temperature at the water and land stations were basically same, but the peak and valley of air temperature at the water stations were about 1 hour behind the land stations. The difference of high and low temperature between land and water changed obviously with season. The large value of wind speed at the land stations mainly appeared in April and May, and the water stations also appeared in January and October. The daily variation of wind speed at the land stations was more obvious than that at the water stations. The dominant wind in the water stations was slant South wind in June and July, and was slant north wind in other months. Disaster wind on water was mainly associated with levels 6 and 7 north wind, and relatively less with levels 8 and 9 wind. The frequency of disaster wind was the highest at Leishi Station, and the least at Qinggang Station. The number of days of water heavy fog (haze) was significantly less than that of land, but the number of days of light fog was slightly more than that of land. Water fog (haze) mostly occurred between 03:00 and 11:00 BT, and the probability of fog (haze) was the highest between 07:00 and 08:00 BT.