1960—2018年洞庭湖生态经济区极端气温和降水事件的变化规律
Variation of Extreme Temperature and Precipitation Events of the Dongting Lake Ecological Economic Zone in 1960−2018
中文摘要：
洞庭湖生态经济区是我国重要的粮食基地和生态环境保护的关键区，研究该区域的极端气温、降水事件对防灾减灾、应对气候变化具有重要意义。基于站点观测数据分析了1960—2018年洞庭湖生态经济区极端气温、降水事件的变化规律，得出如下结论：该区域极端气温指数呈现出显著的变化规律，冷夜日数（TN10p）、霜冻日数（FD）、冰冻（ID）日数等冷指数显著减少，暖夜日数（TN90p）、夏季日数（SW）、热带夜数（TR）、持续暖期指数（WSDI）等暖指数显著增加。强降水事件的降水量和发生频次均增加，强降水量（R95p）以18.85 mm/10 a的速度增加，大雨日数（R20mm）与暴雨日数（R50mm）分别以0.36 d/10 a和0.19 d/10 a的速度增加。复合高温热浪事件和夏季极端高温干旱事件发生的频次和持续时间在近20年明显增加，21世纪10年代平均每年分别发生1.08次和5.41次。
中文关键词：
洞庭湖生态经济区，极端气候事件，时间变化特征
KeyWords：
Dongting Lake Ecological Economic Zone, climate extreme, temporal variation characteristics
Abstract：
Dongting Lake Ecological Economic Zone (DT Lake) is not only an important grain base but also a key region of ecological environment protection in China. It is necessary to investigate extreme temperature and precipitation events for disaster prevention and mitigation, climate change adaption in this region. Based on station observations, variation of extreme temperature and precipitation events in 1960-2018 over DT Lake was analyzed and conclusions are as following: extreme temperature indices show significant change with cold indices such as TN10p, FD and ID are decreasing, warm indices such as TN90p, SU, TR and WSDI are increasing. Both amount and frequency of heavy precipitation increase, as R95p, R20mm and R50mm increase at the rate of 18.85 mm/10a, 0.36 d/10a and 0.19 d/10a, respectively. Frequency and duration of compound heat wave and summer extreme warm dry events obviously increase in the last 20 years. On average, 1.08 compound heat waves and 5.41 extreme warm dry events occur in each year in 2010s.