岳阳2015—2017年暴雨空间分布与天气形势特征分析
Spatial Distribution and Characteristics of Heavy Rain in Yueyang from 2015 to 2017
中文摘要：
利用岳阳市2015—2017年232个区域气象站、6个国家气象站降水资料和欧洲中期天气预报中心（ECMWF）预报形势场资料，采用统计学方法、天气学原理及中尺度分析技术，总结了近3年暴雨空间分布特征，分析了暴雨产生的中低层影响系统。结果表明：岳阳市暴雨主要出现在东部山区，药姑山区是岳阳市暴雨最易产生和暴雨强度最大的地区，连云山区也是暴雨极易产生和局地暴雨强度较大的区域。地形是岳阳市暴雨出现频率高和暴雨强度大的重要因素，天气系统是暴雨出现的触发因素。影响岳阳市暴雨的中低层天气系统有低涡急流型、低涡切变型、急流辐合型、暖切变影响型、切变控制型和切变东移南压型，低涡急流型降水强度大、范围广，多为全市性暴雨或大暴雨；急流辐合型降水强度大、范围集中且较大，多为区域性暴雨或大暴雨；切变控制型降水强度较大、范围集中且较大，多为区域性暴雨或跨区暴雨；低涡切变型、切变东移南压型降水强度较大、范围集中，多为区域性暴雨；暖切变影响型降水强度较大、范围较小，多为区域性暴雨。
中文关键词：
暴雨，空间分布，形势分型，岳阳
KeyWords：
rainstorm, spatial distribution, situation analysis, Yueyang
Abstract：
Based on the precipitation data of 232 regional meteorological stations, 6 national meteorological stations, and ECMWF forecast situation data from 2015 to 2017 in Yueyang City, the spatial distribution characteristics of rainstorms in recent three years and the impact systems of rainstorms in the middle and lower levels were analyzed by using statistical methods, synoptic principles, and mesoscale analysis techniques. The results showed that the rainstorm mainly occurred in the eastern mountainous area of Yueyang City. Yaogu Mountainous area was the area where the rainstorm was most prone to occur and the intensity of the rainstorm was the largest. Lianyun Mountainous area was also the area where the rainstorm was prone to occur and the intensity of the local rainstorm was great. The topography was an important factor for the frequency and intensity of the rainstorm in Yueyang City. Climate system was the trigger of the rainstorm. The climate systems affecting the rainstorm in Yueyang City included low eddy jet type, low eddy shear type, jet convergence type, warm shear influence type, shear control type, shear eastward-moving and southward pressure type. The low eddy jet type usually corresponded to large intensity and wide range of precipitation, mostly urban rainstorm or torrential rain. The jet convergence type usually resulted in large, mostly regional rainstorms or torrential rainstorms. The shear control type usually resulted in rainstorms with large intensity, large concentration, and large scope, mostly regional rainstorms or trans-regional rainstorms. The low eddy shear, shear-eastward-moving and southward pressure types usually corresponded to rainstorms with large intensity and concentrated scope, mostly regional rainstorms. The warm shear influence type was usually associated with rainstorms with large intensity and small scope, mostly regional rainstorms.