岳阳市近30年城市气象灾害变化特征分析
Analysis of Urban Meteorological Disasters in Yueyang in the Last 30 Years
中文摘要：
基于岳阳市1989—2018年地面基本气候资料，统计岳阳市主要的城市气象灾害，结合城市发展信息，分析得出灾害变化规律。结果表明：1）内涝、热害、大风、雷电、大气污染等城市气象灾害呈现明显的变化特征。城市暴雨日数有2～4天的变化幅度，近10年暴雨日数有所下降，但短时强降水频数、24 h最大降水量都是上升态势，且1 h最大降水量数值都较大，极端降水越来越多。2）年雷电日数呈现下降趋势，且近12年都在平均数以下，下降率为－31 d/10 a，但雷电强度有所增强，灾害影响明显。高温日数年际变化较大，呈增加趋势，且高温极值有所提高。3）大风日数呈减少趋势，但城市内小尺度瞬时大风的现象日渐增多。4）2005年之后，大雾年际变化明显、霾日数明显增加，即恶劣能见度天气日趋增多。
中文关键词：
城市发展，气象灾害，变化特征
KeyWords：
urban development, meteorological disaster, change characteristics
Abstract：
Based on the climate data of Yueyang from 1989 to 2018, several types of major urban meteorological disasters affecting Yueyang were analyzed and the change law of disasters was obtained by combining with urban development information. As the increasing scale of cities and the increasing number of industrial enterprises in cities, urban meteorological disasters such as torrential floods, high temperature heat waves, gales, thunderstorms, fog and haze show obvious changes. Urban rainstorm had an oscillating period of 2-4 days, and the number of rainstorm days has decreased in the recent 10 years. However, the frequency of short-term heavy rainfall and the maximum precipitation in 24 hours are rising, and the maximum precipitation in 1 hour is larger. The annual thunderstorm days had a downward trend, and were lower than the average in the past 12 years. The decline rate was ?31 d/10 a, but the intensity of thunderstorm increased, and the impact of disasters was obvious. The high temperature days varied greatly from year to year with an increasing trend, and the high temperature extreme value increased. The number of days of urban gale decreased, but the phenomenon of small-scale instantaneous gale increased. After 2005, the annual variation of urban fog was obvious, and the number of days of haze increased obviously.