山地风电场开发过程中水土流失相关问题研究进展
Research Progress on Soil Erosion Related Problems in Mountain Wind Farm Development
中文摘要：
风力发电在提供清洁能源的同时亦带来了一定程度的水土流失和生态环境破坏。特别是山地风电场，由于其所在的山区土壤抗蚀性低，且植被破坏后恢复难度大，在开发过程中引起的水土流失问题尤为突出。回顾了山区风电场水土流失特点、影响风电场水土流失关键因子等方面的相关研究成果，并对其进行了总结。山区风电场水土流失具有地域不完整性及扰动多样性的特点，道路施工区、风电机组建设区是水土流失的重点区域；水土流失呈现时空分布不均性特点，水土流失时段主要集中在施工期，且流失剧烈阶段主要发生在每年的降雨集中期；降雨是影响风电场水土流失的关键因子，滑坡稳定性系数在降水期间急剧下降，降水入渗作用促进了边坡变形破坏向不利的一面发展，容易引起水土流失及边坡不稳；降雨侵蚀力指标与降雨量及雨强有关，按照获取气象资料的不同，目前主要采用月降雨量及日降雨量来分别估算降雨侵蚀力；在进行山区风电场水土流失强度预测时，将整个预测区域划分为4～6个单元，确定各预测单元工程扰动前、施工期、扰动后的土壤侵蚀模数，采用类比法结合数学模型法预测造成的水土流失量。
中文关键词：
山区风电场，水土流失，土壤侵蚀，降雨侵蚀力
KeyWords：
mountain wind farm, soil and water loss, soil erosion, rainfall erosive power
Abstract：
Wind power generation provides clean energy, while brings a certain degree of soil erosion and ecological environment damage. Because of the low resistance to soil erosion and the difficult recovery after vegetation destruction, the soil erosion caused by the development process is particularly prominent in mountain wind farm. This paper reviews studies of soil erosion characteristics of wind farm in mountainous areas and key factors affecting wind farm soil erosion. The soil erosion of wind farm in mountainous area is characterized by geographical incompleteness and disturbance diversity. Road construction area and wind turbine construction area are the key areas of soil erosion. Soil erosion varies in time and space. Soil erosion occurs mainly in the construction period and severe soil erosion occurs mainly in the peak phase of rainfall. Rainfall is the most important factor affecting the soil erosion of wind farm. The stability coefficient of landslide decreases sharply in the precipitation period. The infiltration of precipitation promotes the development of slope deformation and destruction to the unfavorable side, which can easily cause soil erosion and slope instability. The rainfall erosive force index was related to rainfall amount and rainfall intensity. According to the different meteorological data, the rainfall erosive power was estimated by both monthly and daily rainfall. For predicting soil erosion intensity of mountain wind farm, the whole forecast area was divided into 4?6 blocks to determine the soil erosion modulus before, during, and after the construction disturbance in each block.