“黑碳的农业与生活源排放对东亚气候、空气质量的影响及其气候-健康效益评估”项目中期研究进展
The Mid-Term Research Advances of “The Impact of Black Carbon from Agricultural and Anthropogenic Sources on Climate and Air Quality over East Asia, and the Assessment of Its Effects on Health”
中文摘要：
国家重点研发计划“黑碳的农业与生活源排放对东亚气候、空气质量的影响及其气候－健康效益评估”课题的中期研究进展可归纳如下：1）针对观测和实验平台，课题组进行了针对飞机气路的重新设计和改装，加装了用于航测的大气黑碳（BC）、气溶胶光学、细颗粒物粒径谱、颗粒物组分及气体组分来源示踪相关仪器，对飞机设备进行了质量控制，并设计了针对课题研究的新飞行方案。搭建了多套源排放模拟燃烧实验平台和监测系统。2）开展了基于飞机和飞艇的针对华北、华中、长三角及山东地区的黑碳垂直廓线观测。通过空地联合观测，捕捉到了华北和华中等地跨区域的黑碳大气传输过程，探讨了传输的机制。3）组织了多次农村能源消耗调查。基于室内实验初步研究了民用燃料（煤和生物质）排放气溶胶的数浓度和单颗粒气溶胶（包括黑碳）组成、混合状态、实时演化特性。初步构建了中国民用燃煤和生物质燃烧的多污染物（包括黑碳）1 km×1 km排放清单。4）建立了黑碳的光学特性和混合特性模型。采用在线大气化学耦合模式（WRF-Chem）针对黑碳气溶胶对气象要素和边界层发展的影响进行模拟，探讨了黑碳－边界层相互作用机制对地面臭氧浓度的影响，揭示了黑碳对空气污染加剧/减弱影响的物理和化学机制。改进了地球系统模式，为后期开展黑碳气溶胶辐射效应的研究打下了坚实的技术基础。5）在北京和成都市开展了黑碳浓度对居民中不同类人群的呼吸及循环系统死亡率的影响研究，开展了黑碳浓度对居民急诊就诊人数的影响研究，分析了黑碳的健康效应。
中文关键词：
垂直分布，排放清单，气候效应，环境效应，健康效应
KeyWords：
vertical distribution, emission inventory, climate effect, environment effect, health effect
Abstract：
The mid-term research progress of the project entitled “The Impact of Black Carbon From Agricultural and Anthropogenic Sources on Climate and Air Quality over East Asia, and the Assessment of Its Effects on Health”, which is the 2016 Key Program of Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China, can be summarized as follows: 1) the sample lines of aircraft were redesigned and modified on the observation and experiment platform, and some specific instruments were equipped and calibrated in the cabin to get the relevant data of black carbon, tracer gas, aerosol’s optical property, size distribution, and chemical composition. The flight plans were newly designed according to the project’s need. Also, several sets of experimental platforms and monitoring systems for simulating combustion of source emissions have been built. 2) The vertical profiles of black carbon in North China, Central China, Yangtze River Delta, and Shandong province were acquired based on aircraft and airships. The inter-regional transport processes of black carbon in North China and Central China were captured, and the associated mechanisms were discussed through the joint observation of aircraft and ground. 3) Several rural energy consumption surveys were organized. Based on laboratory experiments, civil fuels (coal and biomass) emitting characters were preliminarily studied, including aerosol number concentration, single particle (including black carbon) composition, mixing state, and real-time evolution. The aerosol (contain Black Carbon, BC) emission inventory of coal and biomass burning was preliminarily constructed at a resolution of 1 km ×1 km. 4) The BC optical and mixing character models were developed. The impact of BC aerosol on the meteorological factors and boundary development was simulated using the online atmospheric chemistry coupling model (WRF-Chem), and physical and chemical mechanisms of the BC aggravating or lightening the air pollution were discussed. The earth system model was improved, providing a solid technical base for the research of BC radiation effect. 5) Also investigated were the impact of BC concentration on the inspiratory and circulatory system death rates of different people groups, the emergency number of people, and its health effects in Beijing and Chengdu.