近76年我国洪涝灾损度变化特征分析

Analysis on the Characteristics of Flood Disaster Damage in China in Recent 76 Years

作者：

姜灵峰国家卫星气象中心北京 100081

中文摘要：

根据《中国统计年鉴（2017）》《中国水旱灾害公报（2016）》和民政部年度《社会服务发展统计公报》、以及气象部门统计历年降雨量等资料，对1950年以来我国的洪涝灾损度特征进行了综合分析。结果表明，我国因洪涝造成的农业受灾和成灾面积、房屋倒塌、人口死亡、直接经济损失等灾损度均呈下降趋势，尤其进入21世纪以来的下降幅度较大，但年际和年代际全国降雨量呈波动性变化，并无明显增减趋势。由此，可以说明尊重自然规律、科学治理和防御洪涝灾害取得了成效。

中文关键词：

洪涝灾害，灾损度，灾害防御

KeyWords：

flood disaster, disaster damage degree, disaster prevention

Abstract：

According to the China Statistical Yearbook (2017) , China Flood and Drought Disaster Report(2016) , National Ministry of Civil Affairs Annual Social Service Development Statistical Report and meteorological department statistics on rainfall over the years, this paper analyzed the characteristics of flood damage in China since 1950a . The results show that the flood damage and the area of disasters, house collapse, population death, and direct economic losses in China had a decreasing trend, especially in 21th century, while there was no significant increase or decrease of precipitation in China. Thus, it illustrates that China had achieved significant results in last 76 years based upon respect for natural laws and scientific governance to against floods disasters.