全球大气再分析常规气象观测资料的预处理与同化应用
Pre-Process and Data Selection for Assimilation of Conventional Observations in the CMA Global Atmospheric Reanalysis
中文摘要：
用于全球大气再分析的常规气象观测资料由表面（地面站、船舶和浮标等）和高空（无线电探空、测风气球、下投式探空、飞机和风廓线雷达等）观测资料组成。基于已有工作进展，总结了我国全球大气再分析（CRA-40，1979—2018年）常规观测资料预处理与同化应用研究进展。在CRA-40研发阶段，完成了15个地面、高空、飞机和海洋观测数据源的资料的收集整理、分类整合和质量评估。相对NCEP CFSR同化的常规观测资料，CRA-40同化了更多中国地区的地面站、常规探空观测资料，增加了美国地区的TAMDAR和ACARS 飞机报湿度数据。CRA-40采用RAOBCORE 1.4数据集提供的订正量完成了全球探空温度的偏差订正，采用NCEP辐射订正算法减小太阳辐射引起的热敏电阻季节性观测误差。对再分析同化结果带来负面效果的观测（如高海拔地面站观测、模式地形层以下高空观测以及300 hPa以上探空湿度等）在观测资料预处理阶段被剔除。CRA-40采用的黑名单提供了不同时期观测资料存在问题的地面站、高空站、飞机、船舶和浮标等信息。这些信息来自观测资料和ERA-Interim再分析的偏差统计结果，以及NCEP CFSR、ECMWF提供的历史黑名单，后者在使用前进行了严格的诊断评估和确认。经过预处理和质量预评估的全球历史常规资料已应用于CRA-40的10年试验产品研制。
中文关键词：
再分析，常规资料，整合，质量控制，黑名单
KeyWords：
reanalysis, conventional data, integration, quality control, blacklist
Abstract：
The conventional observing system serves as an indispensable constraint to the atmospheric reanalysis. Surface observations were available from ships, drifting buoys, land stations, and airports . In situ measurements of upper-air were available from radiosonde, pilot balloon, aircraft, and wind profile. Data collection and merging of different data source, quality control, and data selection are always important for global atmospheric reanalysis. This article describes the input conventional datasets used to produce the global atmospheric reanalysis project of CMA (CRA-40, 1979-2018), and discusses the processing method of conventional data before being assimilated. During the development stages of CRA-40, conventional data from 15 data sources are integrated, quality controlled and evaluated. Compared with NCEP Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR), the CRA-40 assimilates more Chinese surface and radiosonde data. The specific humidity of TAMDAR and ACARS reports are assimilated. Observations that are expected to have a negative impact on the reanalysis are rejected. These observations include surface pressure observations over high terrain, radiosonde observations below the model surface, humidity above 300 hPa, and other data of blacklists. Blacklists provide the identifiers of station, aircraft, ship and buoy with systematical quality problem in different periods. Blacklists information of CRA-40 come from the statistic results of the departure between observation and ERAInterim reanalysis, and the historical blacklists provided by CFSR and ECMWF. Blacklists of CFSR and ECMWF are accessed before being using in CRA-40. Parts of research results are of guiding significance for improving the historical and real-time data processing and application. Quality controlled historical conventional observations are assimilated in CRA -40. Some of conventional observations are serviced by China Integrated Meteorological Information Service System (CIMISS).