天气雷达定量估测降水研究进展
Advances in Research of the Weather Radar Quantitative Precipitation Estimation
中文摘要：
天气雷达探测资料具有时空分辨率高的特点，对于中小尺度天气监测、气候分析以及高时空分辨率的气象服务具有重要意义。自20世纪末起，随着IT技术发展和多普勒天气雷达网布设，多个国家相继研制了各自的雷达定量估测降水产品。从业务上应用的雷达定量估测降水关键技术与产品两方面对国内外相关研究进展进行归纳，着重解析了美国最新业务化的MRMS（Multi-Radar Multi-Sensor System）系统及关键技术。从雷达QPE（Quantitative PrecipitationEstimation）技术发展来看，双偏振量质量控制、反射率垂直廓线订正、波束阻挡补偿、降水类型分类、双偏振量降水估计、雨量计偏差订正等新方法已在业务产品中应用。从雷达QPE业务产品发展来看，产品空间分辨率已达到1 km以下（甚至百米），时间分辨率达到小时尺度以下（甚至分钟级）。美国还在持续推进雷达QPE产品重处理，以期形成长序列高时空分辨率产品。我国雷达QPE业务产品研制普遍采用Z-R 关系估测降水率，并由地面降水进行偏差订正的方法，产品时空分辨也已达到1 km/分钟—小时。但由于我国天气雷达型号多、标定不均一、存储计算能力限制等问题，还未形成长序列的雷达QPE产品。因此，“气象资料质量控制及多源数据融合与再分析”攻关任务提出了我国雷达QPE产品重处理计划，拟利用长序列多源降水资料，通过局部偏差订正技术、波束补偿技术等降低不同雷达空间不均一性，最终生成全国组网的雷达QPE历史产品数据集。
中文关键词：
天气雷达，定量估测降水，MRMS，研究进展
KeyWords：
weather radar, quantitative precipitation estimation, MRMS, research advances
Abstract：
High-resolution weather radar data are needful for a wide range of use in meso-scale and micro-scale meteorology, in climatological applications and in high-resolution meteorological service. Since the last century, several countries have researched and developed multiple radar quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE) technologies and operation products, with the development of IT infrastructure and Doppler weather radar network. The recent advances in radar QPE researches and operation products are reviewed in this paper. There are some significant advances such as Multi-Radar Multi-Sensor System (MRMS) that was developed at NSSL(National Severe Storms Laboratory) and went into NWS (National Weather Service) operations in USA in 2014. Then, QPE methods and operation products are compared between in China and abroad. Finally, the research plan of our radar QPE reanalysis is outlined.