上海健康气象预测研究和服务
Research of Meteorological-Health Forecast and Service in Shanghai
中文摘要：
天气气候和大气环境与人们健康息息相关。在了解气象、环境对健康影响的科学事实和规律的基础上，根据未来天气气候和大气污染状况，对健康风险进行预测并采取相应的预防措施，对于减少疾病的发生，提高市民健康水平都具有重要意义。近年来，上海市气象工作者研制了上海热浪与健康监测预警系统，开展了气象、环境条件对上海地区中暑、细菌性食物中毒、感冒、儿童哮喘和慢性阻塞性肺病（COPD）等疾病的影响研究，确定了影响疾病的气象、环境敏感因子及其暴露反应关系，开发了中暑等疾病气象风险预报产品。研制了人工气候环境暴露仓，通过毒理学实验研究为健康预报提供理论支持。与卫生、教育等部门合作，通过短信、邮件、网页、微信等方式，在试点医院、学校、餐饮单位开展了健康气象预报服务，并采用横断面研究、干预研究等方法对部分健康气象预报服务进行评估，获得了较好的用户反馈。
中文关键词：
天气气候，大气污染，健康风险，预报服务，效果评估
KeyWords：
weather and climate, atmospheric pollution, health risk, forecast and service, effectiveness evaluation
Abstract：
Weather, climate and atmospheric environment are closely related to public health. Considering the prediction of weather, climate and atmospheric pollution in the future, the meteorological-health forecast can be made on the basis of scientific facts that illuminate impacts of meteorology and atmospheric environment on health. It was proved that meteorological-health forecasts have effects to reduce the occurrence of diseases, and improve the public health. In recent years, Scientists at Shanghai Meteorological Service have developed a heatwave and health monitoring warning system, and have carried out researches on meteorological health prediction and warning of bacterial food poisoning, heatstroke, common cold, childhood asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The meteorological-health forecast products were developed based on determination of sensitive factors and qualification of exposure-response relationships. the Shanghai meteorological and environmental animal exposure system has been developed, and the toxicology experimental studies have been carried out to provide theoretical support for health forecasting. Shanghai Meteorological Service issued those meteorological-health forecast and warning messages to some hospitals, schools, and catering companies by various media, such as short message service (SMS), E-mail, the internet, WeChat, etc., cooperating with the health departments and education departments. Evaluation of meteorological-health forecasts were investigated by cross-sectional and intervention studies, the feedback of service objects revealed that those forecasts have positive effect on public health.