海洋环流与海浪模式的发展及其应用
Research and Application of Ocean Circulation and Wave Models: A Review and Prospects
中文摘要：
通过对海洋环流模式、海浪模式、风暴潮模式研究现状和世界海洋强国当前运行业务模式系统的调研，发现无论是全球模式还是区域模式，海洋环流模式和海浪模式的分辨率越来越高，全球海洋模式空间分辨率小于10 km，达到涡可分辨程度，海浪模式水平和波谱空间的分辨率都在提高。通过调研，发现随着海洋各类观测资料的同化和数值模式分辨率的提高，近年来加强了远海、近海及海岸带各种物理过程精细化研究，海洋环流模式垂向采用混合坐标提升了模式对不同海域海洋内部物理过程的解释能力，海洋模式、海浪模式、风暴潮模式中无结构网格的应用提高了模式对近海浅水区和岸界地形描述的能力，加深对海岸带海洋物理过程的认识。文中提出海洋环流－海浪－潮汐耦合模式系统建立是近年来风暴潮模式发展的趋势，将来大气－海洋－海浪－潮汐模式的耦合可细化对海洋各种物理过程的解释，是业务模式系统发展的主要方向。
中文关键词：
海洋模式，海浪模式，风暴潮模式
KeyWords：
ocean model, wave model, storm surge model
Abstract：
Based on the investigation of ocean models, wave models, storm surge models and the current operational model systems, it is found that both the global model and the regional model have higher and higher resolution in ocean circulation model or wave model. The resolutions of theses wave models are improved in horizontal and spectral space, the grid interval of the global ocean model is less than 10 km and up to eddy resolution. According to the survey, the physical processes in the ocean, off shore and coastal zone have been refined by assimilating ocean observational data and using the higher resolution model. And the hybrid coordinate in the oceanic circulation model has been adopted to understand the internal physical ocean processes in detail over different ocean regions. The unstructured grids in the ocean, wave and storm surge models have been used to describe the detailed topography over shallow water or coastal areas, then the detailed physical ocean process in coastal zone has been known. The current storm surge model is ocean-wave-tide coupled model system. In the future, the main trend of improvement in the operational ocean model system is going to develop atmosphere-ocean-wave-tide coupled model for better interpretation of the ocean physical processes.