对流有效位能的本质和一种新的计算方法
On the Essence and New Computing Method of Convective Available Potential Energy
中文摘要：
详细阐释了对流有效位能（convective available potential energy，CAPE）的本质；提出了CAPE新的计算公式；简要介绍了与CAPE计算有关的物理过程和一些新的物理量。结合实例，用新的公式和目前通用的公式，对CAPE和对流抑制能量（convective inhibition，CIN）分三种情形进行对比计算：1）可逆湿绝热过程；2）假绝热过程；3）等假相当位温过程。计算结果表明，假绝热过程比可逆湿绝热过程CAPE新算法明显偏高、CIN明显偏低；MICAPS默认方法与等假相当位温过程计算结果大体相近。
中文关键词：
对流有效位能，可逆湿绝热过程，假绝热过程，广义相当位温，湿静力平衡温度，广义湿静力能
KeyWords：
convective available potential energy (CAPE), reversible moist adiabatic process, generalized potential equivalent temperature, pseudo adiabatic process, wet static-equilibrium temperrature, generalized wet atatic energy
Abstract：
Some physical process and physical quantity related to the CAPE (convective available potential energy) are introduced in this paper; the essence of CAPE is explained in detail; a new formula is proposed to calculate the CAPE. Then we compare our new formula to the current general formula in an acture case as an instance for three kinds of physical processes: 1) the reversible moist adiabatic process; 2) the pseudo-adiabatic process and 3) constant pseudo-equivalent potential temperature process. The results show that in the case by the MICAPS, the CAPE value from our new algorithm, for the pseudoadiabatic rocess is obviously higher than that in the reversible moist adiabatic process, and the CIN (convective inhibition ) is obviously lower. The result from default computational method of MICAPS is close to that for the constant pseudo-equivalent potential temperature process. So our new algorithm has some advantages.