近50年中国风速减小的可能原因
Possible Reasons of Wind Speed Decline in China for the Last 50 Years
中文摘要：
综述了近50年中国风速变化的特征和可能原因。绝大部分研究指出，观测的中国风速近50年明显减小，大约为（-0.10～-0.18m/s）/10a。风速减小的原因来自自然和人类强迫两大方面，自然原因即气候系统内部的相互作用，包括近几十年东亚冬季风和夏季风的减弱，中国南海夏季风强度减弱，南亚夏季风减弱，寒潮频数减小，沙尘暴频数减小，以及东亚温带气旋频数减小。人类强迫包括城市化效应，土地利用变化，人类排放导致的全球变暖，以及风电场效应，等等。引起近50年中国风速减小的原因是复杂和多方面的，需要更深入的研究来揭示相互作用与反馈机制，以及定量评估各种因子的贡献。
中文关键词：
中国，风速，减小，可能原因
KeyWords：
China, wind speed, decline, possible reasons
Abstract：
This paper summarizes the possible reasons of wind speed decreased in China for the last 50 years. Most studies pointed out the observed wind speed in China decreased obviously by about (0.10 ~ 0.18m/s)/10a for the last 50 years. The possible reasons came from both natural (internal climate system) changes and anthropogenic effects. The former includes both of the winter and summer East Asian monsoons weakened, the South China Sea summer monsoon intensity weakened, the South Asian summer monsoon reduced, the frequencies of cold waves and dust storms over China decreased, and frequencies of extratropical cyclones over East Asia declined. The latter refers to urbanization, the changes of land use, the global warming caused by anthropogenic emissions, and the effects of wind farms. The reasons causing the wind speed decline are very complicated in China for the last 50 years, further research is needed to explore a quantitative estimation on the mechanisms and key factors .