风云三号（03）批降水测量卫星探测能力及应用
Analysis of Rainfall Measurement Power in the FY-3(03) Rain Measurement Satellite
中文摘要：
风云三号（03）批是我国第二代极轨业务气象卫星的第三个批次，由上午、下午、晨昏和降水测量四颗业务卫星组成。其中，我国首发的降水测量卫星计划装载双频降水测量雷达、微波成像仪、GNSS掩星探测仪和光学成像仪。通过仿真技术，分析风云三号降水测量卫星的功能、性能和设计指标，探讨其降水探测能力。分析表明，风云三号降水测量卫星装载的降水测量雷达从设计层面分析，与美日第二代降水测量卫星GPM搭载的降水雷达DPR 性能相当；风云三号降水测量卫星的轨道设计覆盖了南、北纬50°范围内的热带和中纬地区，对影响我国区域的台风系统结构具有三维探测能力；风云三号降水测量卫星上装载的被动微波辐射计相比GPM搭载的微波成像仪增加了50～60和118GHz双氧吸收通道，对陆地弱降水反演等具有应用潜力。总之，风云三号降水测量卫星加上同星配置的其他载荷，整星的降水探测能力优于美日第二代降水测量卫星GPM。
中文关键词：
风云三号（03）批，降水测量卫星，降水测量雷达，微波成像仪
KeyWords：
FengYun-3 (03) pitch satellites, rain measurement satellite, precipitation measuring radar, microwave imager
Abstract：
As the third pitch of Chinese second generation operational meteorological satellites on polar orbits, FengYun-3 (03) pitch satellites consist of one early morning orbit satellite, one morning orbit satellite, one afternoon orbit satellite and one rain measurement satellite. The primary instruments being loaded on the FengYun-3 rain measurement satellite (FY3-RM) are the dual-frequency precipitation measuring radar (PMR), the microwave imager (MWRI), the simple type median resolution spectral imager (MERSI-S) and the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) radio occultation sounder. This article analyze the function, performance and the designed characteristics of the FY3-RM by using simulation technology, and discuisses its power of measuring recipitation. The analysis results show that, 1) the PMR has the same precipitation measuring ability as the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) dual-frequency precipitation radar (DPR); 2) the FY3-RM can detect the three dimension structure of the typhoons effected on China; 3) the additional channels between 50 GHz and 60 GHz and channels around 118 GHz increase the MWRI sensitivity to light precipitation over land, comparing to the GPM microwave imager. Therefore, the whole power of precipitation measurement of the FY3-RM, altogether with other instruments onboarded, is better than that of the GPM satellite.