昆明准静止锋的发现和研究
The Discovery and Study of Kunming Quasi-Stationary Front
中文摘要：
昆明准静止锋也称西南准静止锋，早在20世纪40年代已被中国学者所发现。这是在东亚冷空气爆发并向南扩展时，受西南高原地形阻挡形成的一种独特的锋面系统。在北美等地虽然也有类似现象，但昆明准静止锋在形成原因、活动规律和天气影响上都十分不同。在青藏高原大地形、低纬高原和横断山脉的作用下，昆明准静止锋沿地形呈准南北走向，具有东西摆动和跳跃式西进的独特活动规律。若静止锋转变成冷锋西进，往往伴随着西南地区寒潮等转折性天气出现；若静止锋长期稳定维持，不仅在冬季会造成冻雨等灾害性天气，还会在春季带来雷暴、冰雹、大风等强对流天气。从昆明准静止锋的发现开始，全面的回顾和总结相关的研究进程，对该领域研究的未来方向从以下几个方面做出展望：1）昆明准静止锋的定义仍需明确；2）锋区强烈逆温的成因和水汽来源；3）昆明准静止锋的气候结构和环流特征；4）昆明准静止锋的气候变率及其影响因子；5）昆明准静止锋的维持和进退机理；6）昆明准静止锋的可预报性和数值预报能力研究。
中文关键词：
昆明准静止锋，发现过程，形成原因，活动规律，天气影响
KeyWords：
Kunming Quasi-Stationary Front, discovery, formation, activity, weather
Abstract：
Kunming Quasi-Stationary Front, also known as Southwest Quasi-Stationary Front, which was found by Chinese meteorologists in 1940s, is a unique frontal system which forms when the cold air outbreaks in East Asia expanding southward, and is obstructed by the terrain in southwest China. Although similar phenomenon has been found in North America, Kunming Quasi-Stationary Front is very unique in terms of formation mechanism, activity patterns and its impact of weather. Under the influence of the Tibetan Plateau, the low-latitude plateau and the Hengduan Mountains, the Kunming Quasi-Stationary Front appears in a north-south direction along the terrain. It has a unique movement pattern of east-west direction and leaping towards west. If it turns into a cold front moving west, turning weather such as cold wave in the southwest part of China is often accompanied. If it remains stable for a long period, it will not only cause disastrous weather such as freezing rain in winter, but also severe convection weather such as thunderstorm, hail and gale in spring. This article begins with the discovery of Kunming Quasi-Stationary Front, followed by a comprehensive review and summary of relevant research progress, and provides some outlooks for future research direction as follows: 1) The definition of the Kunming Quasi-Stationary Front has to be clear; 2) The cause of strong frontal inversion and water vapor sources; 3) The climate structure and the circulation characteristics of the Kunming Quasi-Stationary Front; 4) The climate variability and its impact factors of the Kunming Quasi-Stationary Front; 5) The mechanism of the maintenance and the back-and-forth swinging of the Kunming Quasi-Stationary Front; 6) The predictability and the numerical weather forecast capability of the Kunming Quasi-Stationary Front.