Charter机制在气象灾害监测中的应用
The Application of Charter in Meteorological Disaster Monitoring
中文摘要：
近年来在气象灾害和衍生灾害的业务监测中，高分辨率卫星遥感影像和雷达卫星数据的作用越来越重要。虽然中国的环境减灾卫星和资源卫星已在业务中得到应用，但是仍不能满足对高分辨率卫星影像和雷达卫星数据的需求。国际减灾宪章机制（Charter机制）是目前运行最成功的政府间减灾机制之一，通过授权用户向遭受灾害的地区无偿提供及时的卫星遥感数据，用于灾害的监测和评估。中国气象局作为中国的授权用户，已启动两次针对气象灾害的Charter 机制，通过获取各类高分辨光学影像和雷达卫星影像分别对2010年8月7日甘肃舟曲泥石流灾害和2013年8月东北洪涝灾害的监测显示，国际减灾宪章提供的高分辨率卫星影像是对中国气象卫星及陆地观测卫星数据监测气象灾害和衍生灾害的有效补充，在业务应用中起到了重要的作用。
中文关键词：
气象灾害，Charter机制，卫星遥感，业务应用
KeyWords：
meteorological disaster, Charter mechanism, remote sensing, operational application
Abstract：
The high resolution satellite data and Radar satellite data have become very important in the meteorological disasters and derived disasters monitoring in recent years. Although, the HJ-1A/B and ZY-3 satellite data are used in the operational
application, the need for the high resolution optical and SAR satellite data still couldn’t be fulfilled. As one of the successful intergovernmental mechanism of disaster mitigation, Charter aims at providing cost-free satellite data in time to those affected by natural disasters through authorized users for disaster monitoring and evaluation. China Meteorological Administration, as the authorized users of Charter in China, has twice triggered Charter activations for mud-rock flow monitoring in Zhouqu county of Gansu province on Aug 7th 2010, and flood monitoring in the northeast of China on Aug 16th 2013, respectively. It is showed that the high resolution satellite imagery is an effective complement for meteorological disasters and derived disasters monitoring by meteorological satellites and earth observation satellites, and plays an important role in the operational application.
application, the need for the high resolution optical and SAR satellite data still couldn’t be fulfilled. As one of the successful intergovernmental mechanism of disaster mitigation, Charter aims at providing cost-free satellite data in time to those affected by natural disasters through authorized users for disaster monitoring and evaluation. China Meteorological Administration, as the authorized users of Charter in China, has twice triggered Charter activations for mud-rock flow monitoring in Zhouqu county of Gansu province on Aug 7th 2010, and flood monitoring in the northeast of China on Aug 16th 2013, respectively. It is showed that the high resolution satellite imagery is an effective complement for meteorological disasters and derived disasters monitoring by meteorological satellites and earth observation satellites, and plays an important role in the operational application.