1949年以前我国气象台站创建历史概述
A Brief Introduction to the Establishment of Meteorological Stations in China Before 1949
中文摘要：
由于时代的特殊性，1949年以前我国气象台站的创建背景及发展历程非常复杂、曲折，具有明显的半殖民地半封建的多元化特征。辛亥革命前的气象台站多为外国人所建，清末年间我国开始在一些农林试验场创办测候所。“中华民国”建立后，开创了我国气象台站建设新纪元。由于战争、动乱或经济等多方面原因，气象台站建设艰难曲折，发展很不平衡。20世纪20—30年代中期，在民国“中央观象台”、“中央研究院气象研究所”的积极推动下，气象台站建设曾有过辉煌时期。1937年因抗日战争爆发，许多地方气象台站遭受破坏或被迫停止工作，国家气象台站建设计划严重受挫。为军事气象保障服务的国防、航空气象台站，成为这一时期我国气象台站网的主体。
中文关键词：
气象台站，建设
KeyWords：
meteorological stations, establishment
Abstract：
Due to the peculiarity of the times, before 1949 there were full of ups and downs in the making of meteorological stations of our country in terms of the background of their establishment. Their development progress is very complicated, bearing multi-elementary characteristics of semi-colonialism and semi-feudalism. Before the Revolution of 1911, meteorological stations were mostly set up by foreigners. Towards the end of the Qing Dynasty, weather observatories were run by some agriculture and forest experimental yards.After the founding of “the Republic of China”, meteorological stations in China ushered in a new era in terms of their construction. Owing to wars, social unrest, shaky and unstable economy, the construction course was tortuous and unbalanced. Not until the middle of the 20’s and 30’s of the 20th century did meteorological stations enter into a prosperous period, thanks to the active promotion of “the Central Observatory” and “the Meteorological Institution of the Central Research Institute” at that time.The War of Resistance against Japan broke out in 1937. As a result, many local meteorological stations were destroyed or forced to stop their operation. However, meteorological stations for the purpose of national defense and aviation or in the service of militarily meteorological safeguard became the mainstay of the meteorological station net in that period.