大气科学历史进程中多学科的交叉影响
Multi-Disciplinary Integration in the History of Meteorology
中文摘要：
从科学史与学科分类的视角，按照历史阶段和融合方式这两个维度，分析归纳了六组学科领域与大气科学发展的融合与互动：古代气象学在萌芽阶段曾与天文学和地理学共生；16—18世纪在因探险活动而兴起的航海学和山地学研究中，积累了丰富的气象学研究素材；19—20世纪气象学逐渐吸收了数理科学的成果，并初步建立了基础理论；20世纪在计算机技术和遥感技术的推动下，大气科学在数值预报和气象观测等方面实现了质的飞跃；20世纪以来，农业气象、医疗气象等各应用气象领域蓬勃发展，大气科学得到了更加专业和深入的应用；21世纪后，大气科学与政治学、经济学、传播学等社会科学广泛融合，开启了大气科学崭新的发展阶段。
中文关键词：
多学科，大气科学，科学史，自然科学，社会科学
KeyWords：
multi-disciplinary, atmospheric science, history of science, natural science, social science
Abstract：
This essay analyzes the interaction and relationship between meteorology and some other disciplines of both natural science and technology in science history and the progress of science classification. The science and technology disciplines were grouped by the way of interaction when it happened in the history. There comes six kinds of multi-disciplinary Integration in the history of meteorology: in ancient times meteorology was born together with astronomy geography; from 16th to 18th century, new observation data concerning atmosphere phenomena were recorded and discovered in maritime navigation and mountain studies; in 19th and 20th centuries meteorology gradually absorbed the theoretical achievements from mathematics and physics, especially calculus and hydromechanics, and built up its own basic theory; after 20th century, with the appearance of computers and remote-sensing technology, numerical weather forecast and modern meteorological observation came to reality; also from the 20th century on, more applications of meteorology in agriculture and medicine brought us new knowledge of agricultural meteorology, and medical meteorology; In 21st century, atmospheric science interacts frequently with social sciences such as politics, economics, sociology, communication, which indicates that a new stage of atmospheric science is coming.