雷达气候研究进展及其在城市区域强天气临近预报中的应用
An Overview of Progresses in Radar Climatology and Its Prospective Applications in Nowcasting Severe Weather over Urban Regions
中文摘要：
首先介绍了近年来国际上在雷达气候研究方面的一些进展，特别聚焦于不同地区对流风暴和对流性降水的日变化特征，以及京津冀地区雷达气候研究的一些最新成果。主要揭示了不同地区对流的形成、加强和日循环传播与太阳加热、地形强迫、盛行风及天气尺度和中尺度系统活动等存在紧密联系。其次，对雷达气候学的另一特色研究——采用三维风暴属性追踪统计的方法也进行了介绍。文章也从城市化影响对流风暴和对流性降水发展演变以及从雷达气候学角度研究城市地区强天气两个方面，做了研究进展的一些回顾。最后，对雷达气候学在城市地区强天气演变机理研究及精细化临近预报预警方面的应用进行了讨论。
中文关键词：
雷达气候，对流，降水，城市化，临近预报
KeyWords：
radar climatology, convection, precipitation, urbanization, nowcasting
Abstract：
International progress in radar climatology in recent years is introduced first in this paper, focusing on diurnal variations of convective storms and precipitation in different regions in the world based on radar climatology, and some research findings of radar climatology for diurnal variations of warm-season convective storms over contiguous North China (Beijing and its vicinity). Studies of radar climatology mainly reveal initiation, enhancement, and diurnal cycle and propagation of convection over different regions, which has a close relationship with solar heating, topographical forcing, prevailing winds, as well as synoptic and mesoscale systems. Statistics of identified and tracked 3D storm properties are another especial study of radar climatology, and are also presented. Studies and progress in effects of urbanization on convective storms and precipitation, and studies on convective weather over urban regions based on radar climatology are also reviewed. Finally, application prospects of radar climatology in analysis on convective mechanism and fine-scale nowcasting of convective storms and precipitation over urban regions are discussed in the paper.