城市化气候效应研究的新进展
New Advances in the Research of Climatic Effect of Urbanization
中文摘要：
随着人类社会经济的不断发展，世界各地特别是中国城市化进程十分迅速。城市化的气候效应已成为一个具有重大现实与科学意义的问题，不少科技工作者已经利用观测资料和数值模式对城市化的气候效应进行了一系列的研究。首先从观测资料的角度介绍城市化气候效应的具体表现，然后根据城市化进程影响区域气候的三类主要途径，即城市土地利用变化、人为热释放和人为气溶胶排放，对国内外城市化气候效应的研究，特别是数值模拟研究，进行了综合回顾与分析。结合作者近几年所做的工作，系统总结了城市化气候效应研究的新进展以及所面临的问题，并提出了城市化气候效应的应对策略和未来研究展望。目前的城市化气候效应模拟研究结果还具有较大的不确定性，随着模式物理过程的改进完善和高性能计算能力的迅速提升，进行高分辨率和长时间的城市化区域气候效应集合模拟研究将成为解决这一领域关键科学问题的有效途径。
中文关键词：
城市化，气候效应，人为热释放，数值模拟，高分辨率
KeyWords：
urbanization, climatic effect, anthropogenic heat release, numerical simulation, high resolution
Abstract：
With the development of human society and the acceleration of urbanization in the world, especially in China, climatic effect of urbanization has become a realistic issue with important scientific significance. Many scientists have conducted a series of studies on the climatic effect of urbanization using observation data and the numerical simulation. In the paper, firstly, based on the analysis of observation data, the climatic effect of urbanization is introduced, and then, according to the three main ways (the urban land use change, anthropogenic heat release and artificial aerosol emissions), there is a comprehensive review and analysis of the studies on climatic effect of urbanization both in China and abroad, especially in the numerical simulation. Combined with the work of the author in recent years, the new progress in the study on climate effect of urbanization as well its the problems is summarized. The adaptation strategies for climate effect of urbanization and the future research prospects are proposed. There is a large uncertainty in the present simulation results for climate effect of urbanization. Along with the improved physical processes in model and rapid development in high-performance computing technology, the high resolution and long-period ensemble simulation is sure to become an effective way to resolve the key scientific issues in urbanization.