天气气候中太阳活动信号的敏感区域
The Regions with Sensitive Signals of Solar Activities in Weather and Climate
中文摘要：
太阳活动是地球气候形成的重要驱动因子，与地球气候变化有密切的联系，但研究分析发现，地球气候对太阳活动变化的响应具有较大的空间差异，地球上某些区域的天气气候对太阳活动更加敏感。主要介绍了对太阳活动变化特别敏感的三个响应区域，即极地—北大西洋区域、热带地区和季风区的天气气候变化与太阳活动变化的联系。从不同的时间尺度上总结了太阳活动对极地—北大西洋区域的影响事实和可能机制，指出了太阳活动对云微物理过程/平流层—对流层耦合的调制在其中扮演重要角色，回顾了热带地区对流活动、海表温度以及ENSO循环中明显的太阳活动信号，归纳了亚洲季风系统活动的边缘地区变率对太阳活动的响应。最后提出了未来关于天气气候中太阳活动信号的敏感区域研究中需要关注的一些科学问题。
中文关键词：
太阳活动，天气气候，敏感区，北大西洋涛动（NAO），ENSO，亚洲季风
KeyWords：
solar activity, weather and climate, sensitive regions, NAO, ENSO, Asian monsoon
Abstract：
Solar activity is an important factor driving the formation of the Earth’s climate, and is closely linked with global climate change. Studies found that the response of the Earth’s climate change to solar activities is inhomogeneous in space. Weather and climate of certain regions on Earth are found more sensitive to solar activities. In this paper, we concentrate on sensitive responses to solar activity in the Arctic-North Atlantic, tropical and monsoon regions. The fact that solar activities have a great influence on polar-North Atlantic regions on different time scales is presented, and we believe that cloud microphysical processes and the stratosphere-troposphere coupling play an important role in modulating relationships as aforementioned. Then we reviewed significant solar signals in convection, sea surface temperature and the ENSO cycle in the tropics.The responses of monsoon regions, especially the Asian monsoon, to solar activities are summed up, the response being particularly active in the marginal areas of monsoon. Finally, scientific issues which need to be focused on are put forward for future investigation on the regions with sensitive signals of solar activities in weather and climate.