我国暴雨研究中新型探测资料反演技术及其应用
Research Progress of the Unconventional Observing Technology and the Data Used in the Study of Rainstorm in China
中文摘要：
为提高暴雨预报准确度和精细度，暴雨研究从大尺度背景到中小尺度特征，从宏观结构到微观变化逐渐深入，暴雨野外科学试验在原有业务网观测模式上，逐步纳入不同新型探测系统以获取高时空分辨率、高精度、全方位的探测信息满足科研与业务的需求。综述了地基GNSS大气水汽观测，地基微波辐射计云水、温度和湿度观测，风廓线雷达测风，双偏振雷达云水粒子相态观测，毫米波雷达云观测获得的非常规探测资料在我国暴雨临近预报、暴雨机理分析、中尺度暴雨数值预报中的应用，简要回顾近年来这些新型探测遥感技术进展及其对暴雨野外科学试验的作用。思考新型探测资料在质量控制和精度描述规范化、二次产品开发提高业务应用效率、多源资料综合应用和深层次挖掘等方面亟待解决的问题，并初步探讨新型探测资料在暴雨预报研究应用中的未来发展趋势。
中文关键词：
暴雨，地基GNSS，微波辐射计，风廓线雷达，双偏振雷达，云雷达，数值预报，综合观测
KeyWords：
heavy rain, ground based GNSS, microwave radiometer, WPR, dual polarization radar, millimeter wave cloud radar, numerical forecast, synthesis observation
Abstract：
To improve the forecast accuracy and precision, the study of Rainstorm Prediction is now from a large scale background to small scale characteristics, from macro structure to micro changes gradually. In order to obtain a higher spatial and temporal resolution, a higher precision, and fuller elements’ observation, in recent years more and more new detection systems have been gradually used in the rainstorm field experiments, which mainly depend on the existing conventional observation network. In this review, the progress of the unconventional data is stated, such as the water vapor observing by the ground-based GNSS network, the temperature and humidity observing by the microwave radiometer, wind observing by WPR, the cloud particles by dual polarization radar observations, and the millimeter wave radar observations of clouds, used in rainfall now-casting, rainstorm mechanism analysis, and the mesoscale numerical prediction of heavy rain in China. The related new remote sensing detection technology in recent years and its promotion to the storm field scientific experiments are reviewed. The problems including the quality control and accuracy description standard of the unconventional observation, the products development, the multi-source data integrated application and their thorough study need to be resolved in the near future.