北京城市气象观测试验进展
Progress in Urban Meteorological Experiments in Beijing
中文摘要：
2004年以来，北京地区开展了一系列城市气象观测试验，试验涉及城市边界层观测、城市暴雨适应性观测、复杂地形和城市局地环流观测、城市通量和能量平衡观测以及城市热环境观测。研究内容包括城市边界层结构、城市强降水可预报性、山谷风环流、海陆风环流、城市热岛环流、城市地表能量平衡、人为热估计和城市热岛时空分布特征等。通过观测试验，揭示了北京地区城乡边界层结构特征和差异、强降水条件下的边界层结构、城乡地表能量平衡特征以及京津冀地区复杂的局地性环流特征。在大城市强降水的可预报性上，利用适应性观测方法进行了尝试，取得了一些初步的成果。利用固定点加密观测结合流动观测的方法，获取了城市CBD的精细热岛分布。这些观测试验及其研究成果，对于研究复杂地形条件下的大城市和城市群的气象问题，具有很好的参考价值。
中文关键词：
城市气象，外场观测试验，适应性观测，城市边界层，城市热岛
KeyWords：
urban meteorology, field campaign, adaptive observation, urban boundary layer, urban heat island
Abstract：
This paper reviews urban meteorological experiments conducted in the city of Beijing since 2004. The series of experiments related to urban boundary observation, adaptive observations on urban torrential rain, local circulation observation, urban flux and energy balance observation, and urban thermal environment observations, which are aiming at urban boundary layer structures, predictability of torrential rain, mountain-valley breeze, sea breeze, urban heat island circulation, urban surface energy balance, anthropochory heat estimation, and urban heat island spatial-temporal variations. These experiments revealed characteristics of urban-rural boundary layer, boundary layer structures in rainstorms, urban-rural energy balance and complex local wind systems in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. For predictability of rainstorms in mega-city, methods of THORPEX are tested with some preliminary results. Using densely fixed stations and mobile observation, a high resolution UHI distribution in CBD of the city is observed. The experiences and results of these experiments will be helpful and valuable for studying urban meteorology in a big city and city clusters with complex terrain.