基于用户需求的城市气象研究：进展与展望
Advances and Prospects of Urban Meteorology Research: Meeting Users' Needs
中文摘要：
城市化是人类社会现代化发展过程中的必然趋势。城市化带来的土地利用/土地覆盖的变化、人为热排放、城市气溶胶和人为温室气体排放增加，影响着天气、气候和环境；另一方面，天气、气候和环境亦影响城市的安全运行和居民的生产生活。简要回顾了城市气象观测和数值模拟研究两方面的主要进展，分析了城市气象复杂多样的用户需求（例如防灾减灾、宜居城市建设等），剖析了目前城市气象监测与预报能力的不足。在此基础上，以不断提高气象科技为经济社会发展和人民安全福祉的服务能力作为未来城市气象发展的主线，给出了城市气象未来发展方向的展望，主要包括城市气象观测、城市气象基础数据集、城市陆面与边界层过程、城市精细预报、气候与气候变化、城市空气质量与污染扩散、人体健康七个领域的基础研究和应用研究发展趋势。最后，分析了目前城市气象发展面临的新挑战，倡导建立城市气象观测与数值模拟以及城市气象研究与用户需求之间的良性互动。
中文关键词：
城市气象，用户需求，进展，展望
KeyWords：
urban meteorology, users' needs, advances, prospect
Abstract：
Urbanization is an inevitable trend in the course of human civilization development. There are various ways for urbanization to impact on weather, climate, and the environment, including, land-use/land-cover change, anthropochory heat release, urban aerosols, anthropochory green-house gas emissions and so on. And vice versa, i.e., weather, climate, and the environment influence urban functions and residents' livehood. In this paper, the advances in observation and numerical modeling of urban meteorology are briefly reviewed. Then the complexities of users' needs for the urban meteorology service are analyzed, outlining the shortages in observing and forecasting capacity. In order to meet end users' needs, the prospects of basic and the applied researches for urban meteorology are given. Finally, challenges in the way of urban meteorology researches are summarized. A closer coupling mechanism between observations and numerical modeling, and between the researches and end users' needs for the urban meteorology development is proposed.