随着城市化进程的加快，城市化对城市各气候要素产生了越来越大的影响，如城市气候出现“五岛”效应特征，这对人类的生产生活产生了一系列影响和危害。同时，在全球变暖背景下，城市热岛效应对区域平均气温序列的影响问题也引起了广泛重视。开展城市热岛效应的成因、强度、范围、危害等方面的研究，对认识城市边界层特征和城市能量平衡具有重要的理论意义，在城市生态环境建设、城市规划设计、人居环境建设等方面具有重要的现实意义。主要综述了在全球变暖和快速城市化的背景下城市热岛效应研究在理论、方法等各方面的研究进展，并提出了目前城市气候研究中存在的问题。

 High-speed urbanization exercises an obvious influence on urban climate factors, so urban climate characteristics appear to have “five islands” effects, and they bring a series of impacts on people’s production work and livelihood. The paper summarizes some theories, research methods and focus problems about urban heat island research against the background of global warming and high-speed urbanization, and furthermore, the paper comes up with the problems and gives a prospect of urban climate research. At present, it is important to study the cause, strength, range and impact of urban heat island effect, the researches have an important theoretical significance in the study of urban boundary layer and urban energy balance, at the same time, they have an important application value in terms of urban environment construction, urban planning, urban architectural design, urban energy using and the health of residents.